Networking Fundamentals: Basics and Protocols

This lecture covers fundamental concepts such as information representation, Internet layers, IP addresses, and basics of the Web. It also introduces communication protocols, encoding methods, and the importance of cryptography in networking. The presentation progresses to discuss the OSI and TCP/IP models, routing mechanisms, and the role of DNS in translating hostnames to IP addresses. Additionally, it explores the significance of CSS in web design, the client/server architecture, and the evolution of web technologies from static to dynamic content. The lecture concludes with an overview of security risks, session management, and the distinction between the surface, deep, and dark web.