This lecture covers the concept of paging in operating systems, focusing on memory management units, address space abstraction, page tables, and multi-level page tables. It explains how paging eliminates the need for contiguous physical memory allocation, the translation of virtual addresses to physical addresses, and the role of the translation lookaside buffer (TLB) in reducing memory access overhead. The lecture also discusses the handling of page faults and the benefits of paging and swapping in optimizing memory usage.