Ethereum Consensus Protocols: Security and Attacks

This lecture covers Ethereum consensus protocols, including PoW and PoS mechanisms, safety, liveness, and security guarantees. It delves into the vulnerabilities of Ethereum 2.0, such as bouncing attacks and network delay exploitation. The instructor discusses the challenges of achieving availability and accountable safety in ledger systems, proposing solutions like nested ledgers and accountability gadgets. The lecture concludes with an in-depth analysis of the Goldfish protocol, highlighting its features, reorg resilience, and security properties.