This lecture explores the urban transport systems in African cities, focusing on the roles of different actors such as the state, local authorities, and private operators. It discusses the historical evolution of urban transport, from the pre-independence era to the present, highlighting the shift from state control to increased private sector involvement. The lecture also delves into specific case studies, including Dakar, Brazzaville, Abidjan, and Cotonou, to illustrate the varying degrees of influence exerted by the state and local authorities on transport services. Additionally, it examines the conflicts of interest that arise between different stakeholders in the urban transport sector, shedding light on the complexities of managing transport resources in African cities.