This lecture covers the types of memories found in microcontrollers, focusing on EEPROM and Flash memories. It explains how to program EEPROM, access and manage Flash memory, and the limitations of write cycles. Additionally, it discusses the possibility of adding external non-volatile memories like RAM, serial EEPROM, and SD cards, as well as the complexities of managing data on SD cards and the benefits of using a file system like FAT 32.