Thermodynamic Systems: First Principle and Applications

This lecture introduces the fundamental concepts of thermodynamics, focusing on thermodynamic systems and the first principle of thermodynamics. The instructor begins by defining a thermodynamic system, explaining its characteristics and the distinction between extensive and intensive properties. The lecture covers the state of a system, variables, and state functions, emphasizing the importance of understanding how these concepts relate to physical phenomena. The first principle of thermodynamics, which deals with the conservation of energy, is introduced alongside practical applications such as harmonic oscillators and gas-piston systems. The instructor also discusses the significance of experiments in thermodynamics, illustrating concepts with real-world examples. The lecture concludes with a discussion on the equation of balance and its relevance in thermodynamic processes, setting the stage for further exploration of thermodynamic laws and their implications in various scientific fields.