Lecture
This lecture delves into the limitations of classical transport models in tokamak plasmas, exploring neoclassical orbit effects, anomalous transport by waves and turbulence, and the measurements and modeling of turbulent transport. It discusses the discrepancies between classical predictions and experimental values, the impact of non-diffusive processes, and the role of turbulence in plasma confinement. The lecture also covers the origin of turbulence in tokamaks, the influence of trapped particles, and the development of macroscopic turbulence structures. Additionally, it examines the experimental measurements of turbulence, the simulation of turbulence in ITER, and the empirical transport scaling for ITER design, emphasizing the importance of understanding turbulence for predicting plasma behavior.