Michelson Interferometer: Path Difference and Interference Patterns

This lecture covers the study of a Michelson interferometer, explaining how it works by splitting a light beam into two arms that recombine to create interference patterns. By analyzing the interference fringes observed on a screen, the instructor demonstrates how to calculate the distance one of the mirrors has been displaced based on the number of fringes passing by. Through the concept of path difference and phase difference, the lecture guides the audience in understanding the relationship between the movement of the mirror and the resulting interference pattern observed on the screen.