Lecture
This lecture discusses the replacement of portland cement with various materials to improve concrete performance, such as lower heat output and higher mechanical resistance. It covers different types of cements, including slag cement and fly ash cement, as well as the properties of hydraulic materials like blast furnace slag. The lecture also explores the use of pozzolans in concrete, their reactivity, and advantages. It delves into natural pozzolans, such as volcanic ash, and industrial by-products like fly ash and silica fume, highlighting their impact on concrete properties.