Logarithmic Functions: Properties and Applications

This lecture covers the definition of natural logarithm as a signed area, rules of addition for signed areas, the concept of invariance of area under transformations, and applications of logarithmic functions in calculating areas. It also explores fundamental properties of logarithms, such as the relationship between natural logarithm and exponential functions. The instructor demonstrates how to apply these concepts through examples involving the transformation of rectangles and the divergence of harmonic series.