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This lecture discusses the recalibration of the cosmic distance ladder using accurate photometry of galactic Cepheids with HST and Gaia EDR3 parallaxes. It explores the challenges of relying on Gaia and HST photometry, the impact of Gaia systematic errors on parallax measurements, and the need for additional offsets in the global fit. The instructor presents conclusions on achieving a 1% determination of the cepheid distance and the potential for further refinement in Gaia DR4.
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