Lecture
This lecture introduces the concept of discrete variables in geographic information systems, focusing on the geometric properties of spatial objects such as points, lines, and polygons. It covers spatial arrangement, spatial autocorrelation, and basic elements of digital elevation models. The lecture also discusses sampling, contour lines, interpolation, and data overlay techniques. By the end, students will be able to identify different types of discrete variables, describe their geometric properties, and calculate shape, location, and size indices.