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This lecture covers the concept of collimation in biomedical imaging, explaining how it establishes the directionality of x-rays using lead or tungsten collimators with thin holes to select rays orthogonal to the crystal. The impact of collimation on resolution is discussed, highlighting the challenges of achieving perfect collimation due to septa penetration and scattering. The instructor also explores the relationship between collimation and resolution, emphasizing the trade-off between resolution and sensitivity in imaging techniques.