This lecture discusses the effects of temperature on materials, focusing on thermal expansion and conductivity. It covers the behavior of materials with changing temperatures, the propagation of heat, and the concept of thermal diffusivity. The instructor explains how temperature influences properties like mechanical elasticity and the breaking limits of materials. Additionally, the lecture explores the thermal diffusivity of various materials, including metals, ceramics, polymers, and wood. The importance of thermal conductivity and effusiveness in understanding heat transfer is also highlighted, along with practical examples such as why we do not burn our feet in a sauna at 90°C. Overall, the lecture provides a comprehensive overview of thermal diffusion in different materials.