Lecture
This lecture covers the quantum counterpart of polarized photons, introducing the concept of qubits as the first example of quantum bits. It explains how polarization qubits are described by vectors in a classical setting, highlighting the degree of freedom in photon polarization. The instructor discusses the linear polarization of photons and the special characteristics of polarization qubits, such as their representation by complex vectors. The lecture delves into the historical context of Dirac's notation and the development of quantum mechanics in the 1920s and 30s, emphasizing the significance of state vectors in quantum physics.