Lecture
This lecture covers thermodynamic transformations of ideal gases, including isochoric and isobaric processes, internal thermal energy changes, and heat capacity. It also introduces entropy as a measure of microscopic configurations, discussing the relationship between macroscopic and microscopic states. The concept of adiabatic transformations, where no heat exchange occurs, is explored, along with the practical consequences of these processes. The lecture delves into the calculation of multiplicity in different states of a system and the distribution of energy quanta. It concludes with a discussion on the probability of observing certain macroscopic states based on the multiplicity of microstates.