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This lecture covers the concept of magnetic domains and domain walls in ferromagnetic materials, explaining how they result from the interplay of uniaxial anisotropy and demagnetizing fields. The instructor discusses the formation of domain walls, energy considerations, and different domain configurations observed in various materials. The lecture also delves into the magnetostatic energy of single-domain states and the impact of domain walls on energy balance. Additionally, it explores the behavior of closure domains and the transition to bubble domains under varying magnetic fields, providing insights into the domain structure of thin films with perpendicular anisotropy.