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This lecture covers the concept of semi-structured data, which embeds schema information to explain data values and their relationships. It discusses examples like email, microformats, JSON, and XML. The instructor explains XML as a document markup language and a semi-structured data model. The benefits of schema-less data, such as flexibility and self-contained information, are highlighted, along with drawbacks like loss of consistency. Serialization of data and documents for information exchange is also discussed, distinguishing between serialized and non-serialized semi-structured data models.