This lecture discusses Implementation Research Outcomes (IRO) in the context of health systems readiness, focusing on examples from studies on diseases of poverty. It covers the impact of pre-packaged antimalarial drugs on reducing severe malaria morbidity in Burkina Faso, as well as the effectiveness of community-directed treatment for onchocerciasis in Nigeria. The lecture also explores the relevance of IRO at different stages of implementation, such as acceptability, adoption, feasibility, fidelity, and cost. Additionally, it delves into how IRO can be used as measures of health systems readiness, assessing factors like infrastructure, staffing, training, and service utilization. The presentation concludes with an awareness quiz to reinforce key concepts.