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This lecture covers the fundamentals of solid-solid interfaces, focusing on grain boundaries and interfaces between different phases. Topics include the impact of grain boundaries on material properties, the complexity of heterophase interfaces, and the description of geometry and parameters of interfaces. The instructor discusses the composition of polycrystalline materials, the role of grain boundaries in mechanical and electronic properties, and the estimation of surface energy. The lecture concludes with insights on the number of parameters needed to describe the geometry of a grain boundary and the implications of interface dislocations and stress.