Modules Encapsulation and Testing

This lecture covers the fundamentals and processes for photovoltaic devices, focusing on modules encapsulation and testing. Topics include metallization schemes, stringing, module architectures, encapsulants, backsheet, lamination process, junction box, production costs, durability, reliability, warranties, failure modes, detection methods, qualification tests, and aesthetics. Different encapsulant materials and their properties are discussed, along with the lamination process parameters and encapsulation cycle. The importance of encapsulating PV modules for long-term performance and safety under various operating conditions is emphasized.