Second Maxwell's equation: Magnetic dipole

This lecture discusses the paradoxes in Coulomb's and Ampére's laws, leading to the formulation of Maxwell's equations. It covers Gauss's law in integral and differential forms, the second Maxwell's equation for magnetic fields, and the concept of vector potential. The lecture also explores the properties of magnetic dipoles, including their torque in electric and magnetic fields, potential energy, and equilibrium conditions. Additionally, it explains the field patterns of electric and magnetic dipoles and the consequences of cutting dipoles in half.