This lecture covers the General Linear Model (GLM) and statistical testing in the context of neural signals and signal processing. It explains the theoretical model, contrasts, Gauss-Markov assumptions, fitted models, multiple comparisons using Bonferroni, Gaussian random field, False Discovery Rate (FDR), and cluster size analysis. The instructor also discusses the importance of F-tests, region-of-interest analysis, statistical inference, and group-level analysis. Additionally, it delves into functional connectivity, resting-state fMRI, multivariate methods like Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Partial Least Squares Correlation, and the analysis of variance (ANOVA) models.