This lecture explores the theme of rural China, discussing the empirical elements of the city-countryside relationship and the economy of China in 2021-2022. It covers topics such as the potential of rural areas, the impact of industrialization on western China, and the economic gap between urban and rural regions. The instructor presents case studies on Chinese agriculture, land use policies, and the use of technology in farming. The lecture also delves into the challenges and opportunities in the Chinese countryside, including issues related to education, transportation, and economic development.