This lecture covers the modeling of process units, including thermodynamic states, constitutive equations, and state variables. It explains the generic form of balance equations, unit model basis, and the incidence matrix of a unit model. The concept of degrees of freedom in a unit model is discussed, along with the simultaneous and sequential resolution of models. The lecture also delves into the use of different calculation modes, parameter identification, and the solving of flowsheets. It concludes with insights on the robustness of solving schemes and the challenges in solving flowsheets.