This lecture covers the fundamental concepts of electromagnetic optics, including the wave nature of light, Maxwell's equations in free space and medium, the wave equation, and properties of monochromatic electromagnetic waves. It also introduces the concept of linear, nondispersive, homogeneous, isotropic medium, and discusses the transition from Maxwell's equations to quantum properties of light, such as photon energy exchange. The double slit experiment is presented as an example of light interference phenomena, both with monochromatic light and single photon sources.