This lecture covers the fundamentals of reconstructing a signal from its sampled version, exploring interpolation techniques such as connecting points with straight lines, finding polynomials passing through all points, and using interpolation formulas. The instructor demonstrates the formula for interpolation using the triangular function and the sinc function, highlighting the advantages of the latter. Through examples, the lecture illustrates how to construct the interpolated signal from samples, emphasizing the importance of the interpolation formula in signal reconstruction.