This lecture covers precompilation directives in C language, focusing on interacting with the system environment, managing program interactions, and understanding the return value of main(). It explains the two prototypes of main(), handling main() arguments, and the process of passing arguments to a program. The lecture delves into the compilation steps, including precompilation, actual compilation, and assembly of assembly code into object code. It also discusses the use of macros, conditional compilation, and predefined macros, providing examples and practical advice on their implementation.