This lecture covers the discovery of batteries, from the Napoleon battery in 1801 to the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2019 awarded for the development of lithium-ion batteries. It delves into the operating principles, the work of John B. Goodenough, the chemistry and factors influencing new battery choices, and the evolution of battery materials. Key findings on transition-metal oxides and the future of battery technologies are discussed, emphasizing the importance of electricity storage for sustainable energy solutions.