Lecture
This lecture covers the basics of optics, including the visible spectrum, physical models like geometric and wavy optics, and electromagnetic optics. It delves into the propagation of waves in physical systems, the wave equation, and the development of electromagnetic waves from Maxwell's equations. The influence of polarization, frequency dependence, and properties of material mediums are discussed, along with approximations of the wave equation. The lecture concludes with examples of the dependence of the index of refraction on different materials and the analytical properties of the functions involved in electromagnetic wave equations.