Divide-and-Conquer: Merge Sort

This lecture covers the concept of loop invariants, time analysis using the RAM model, and the Divide-and-Conquer approach with a focus on Merge Sort. It explains the correctness of algorithms through loop invariants and the importance of worst-case running time analysis. The lecture delves into the implementation and simplification of Merge Sort, the merging algorithm, and the correctness proof of Merge Sort. It also discusses the analysis of recurrences using techniques like the substitution method, recursion trees, and the master method, providing insights into solving complex algorithms.