Liquid Bi-propellant Propulsion Systems: Fundamentals and Architectures

This lecture provides an overview of liquid bi-propellant propulsion systems, focusing on their architecture and operational principles. It begins with the basic objectives of developing an understanding of liquid bi-propellant systems, including pressure-fed and pump-fed configurations. The instructor discusses various feeding methods, such as self-pressurization and blow-down systems, emphasizing the importance of pressure differences in propellant delivery to combustion chambers. The lecture covers the startup procedures for pressure-fed systems, highlighting the ignition methods for hypergolic and non-hypergolic fuels. The discussion extends to the implications of long burn durations on propellant temperatures and tank structures. The instructor explains the mechanics of pressure regulation, detailing different types of regulators and their roles in maintaining constant thrust. Additionally, the lecture explores the architecture of pump-fed systems, including turbo-pumps and electro-pumps, and their advantages in reducing tank weight. The session concludes with insights into various propulsion cycles, including gas generator and staged combustion cycles, providing a comprehensive understanding of liquid bi-propellant propulsion systems.