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This lecture covers the fundamentals of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for image classification, emphasizing the challenges posed by the vast number of learnable weights. The instructor explains the transition from dense to convolutional layers, the importance of weight sharing, and the impact of padding, stride, and pooling. The lecture delves into the concept of considering every pixel as a feature in images, leading to the discussion of the massive number of learnable weights in CNNs. Various strategies to prevent overfitting in CNN training are explored, including batch normalization, dropout, and data augmentation. The session concludes with insights on fine-tuning pre-trained models and the practical aspects of implementing CNNs in real-world scenarios.