Stoichiometry and Chemical Reactions: Key Concepts

This lecture covers fundamental concepts in stoichiometry, including the mole concept, balancing chemical reactions, and the kinetic theory of gases. The instructor begins by explaining the mole as a unit that relates macroscopic quantities to the number of atoms or molecules, introducing Avogadro's number. The discussion progresses to the kinetic theory of gases, emphasizing the behavior of gas particles and the ideal gas law. The instructor illustrates the concept of partial pressure in gas mixtures using Dalton's law, providing examples to clarify how to calculate partial pressures in practical scenarios. The lecture also addresses solutions, defining concentration and discussing various units of concentration, such as molarity and molality. The instructor presents stoichiometric calculations for preparing solutions and balancing chemical equations, highlighting the importance of conservation of mass in chemical reactions. The session concludes with examples of limiting reactants and yield calculations, reinforcing the practical applications of stoichiometry in chemistry.