This lecture introduces the concept of computer language processing, distinguishing between natural and computer languages. It covers interpreters and compilers, focusing on how compilers translate programming languages into executable code. The importance of compilers in software development is highlighted, along with the skills learned in the course, such as developing a compiler for a functional language. Examples of applying this knowledge include building compilers, extending languages, and analyzing complex text. The lecture also explains how compilers bridge the gap between source and target code, detailing the phases involved in the compilation process.