Demography and Sustainable Development: Global Trends and Challenges

This lecture discusses the relationship between demography and sustainable development, focusing on global population growth and historical development patterns. It examines the demographic transition, highlighting its significance in social and economic contexts. The instructor presents international variations in demographic conditions, including population pressure, demographic dividends, and aging populations. Urbanization's role in development is analyzed, alongside the environmental impacts of population growth. The lecture also covers key demographic concepts, such as fertility, mortality, and migration, and their implications for sustainable development. The Malthusian perspective on population growth and resource limitations is contrasted with Boserup's views on technological innovation driven by population density. The lecture concludes with insights into future population trends, particularly in developing regions, and the importance of understanding population structures for effective policy-making.