This lecture covers the practical aspects of primary optics design in beamlines, focusing on X-ray mirrors and monochromators. It explains the placement and purpose of mirrors and monochromators, as well as the use of bendable or fixed mirrors to collimate X-ray beams for optimal energy resolution. The lecture also delves into the selection of narrow bands of radiation using monochromators based on the Bragg equation and the phenomenon of higher harmonics.