Pressure: Experiments and Calculations

This lecture covers the objectives for the second week, starting with an explanation of pressure and an experiment involving hemispheres to demonstrate atmospheric pressure. It then discusses temperature measurement techniques, macroscopic laws of ideal gases, and considerations for real gases and fluids. The instructor presents a historical experiment by Otto von Gierich in 1654, showing the forces of atmospheric pressure. The lecture includes detailed calculations of the forces acting on a hemisphere, showcasing two different methods to simplify the process. The results highlight the significant impact of pressure forces, explaining why certain objects cannot be separated due to pressure. The instructor emphasizes the importance of surface area in pressure calculations and demonstrates how different shapes with the same surface area yield similar results.