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This lecture explores the evolution of open-source software, from its origins in the sharing of software by hardware companies to the emergence of the software industry. It covers key milestones such as the GNU project, Linux development, and the role of platforms like GitHub. The lecture also delves into the concepts of open data and open science, discussing the benefits and challenges of making data and research openly accessible. Through examples like Wikipedia and the principles of commons-based peer production, the lecture highlights the collaborative nature and societal impact of open-source initiatives.