This lecture explores the linkages between Ecological Economics and Planetary Boundaries, focusing on sustainability, climate change, and the carbon cycle. It delves into the impact of human activities on the biosphere integrity, land-system change, freshwater use, and biogeochemical flows. The lecture also discusses the implications of climate change, ocean acidification, novel entities, stratospheric ozone depletion, and atmospheric aerosol loading. Various CO2 levels throughout history are analyzed, highlighting the importance of understanding and addressing environmental challenges.