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This lecture covers the process of meiosis, which occurs only in the gonads and is responsible for gamete formation in both males and females. It explains the steps of meiosis I and II, including the separation of homologous chromosomes and sister chromatids. The lecture also discusses the differences in gamete formation between males and females, highlighting the production of sperm cells and egg cells. Additionally, it addresses the consequences of nondisjunction during meiosis, particularly in relation to Down syndrome and maternal age.