Calorimetry: Principles and Applications

This lecture covers the fundamental concepts of calorimetry, including phenomenological laws, calorimetric coefficients, and the third principle of thermodynamics. The instructor begins by introducing calorimetry and its significance in thermodynamics, discussing key coefficients such as isochoric and isobaric heat capacities. The lecture emphasizes the relationships between temperature, pressure, and volume, illustrated through historical experiments by Boyle, Charles, and Avogadro. The third principle of thermodynamics is explained, highlighting its implications for entropy as temperature approaches absolute zero. The instructor also discusses Mayer and Reech relations, which connect different heat capacities, and explores the heat capacity of solids, referencing Dulong and Petit's law. Practical applications and experimental setups are presented to demonstrate the measurement of heat capacities, particularly focusing on water. The lecture concludes with a discussion on the behavior of heat capacities at varying temperatures, emphasizing the importance of understanding these concepts in the context of physical chemistry and material science.