This lecture explores the shift in urban conservation paradigms towards a more holistic approach, emphasizing the importance of dynamic heritage and sustainable development. It delves into the case studies of Fes and Tunis, showcasing the challenges and strategies in integrating cultural, economic, and environmental aspects. The presentation highlights the significance of community involvement, capacity building, and administrative structures in achieving sustainable urban conservation. By examining the evolution of historic cities like Fes and Sharjah, the lecture emphasizes the need to balance conservation efforts with economic development and cultural preservation, ultimately aiming for a harmonious and sustainable urban environment.