This lecture covers the fundamental concepts of measurement, including resolution and accuracy, as well as the origin and types of noise in sensors. It explains how transducers convert energy forms and the impact of noise on signal quality. The instructor discusses remedies for noise, such as shielding and filtering, and the spectral density of noise signals. The lecture also delves into thermal noise in resistors, its spectral density, and the impact of temperature on noise levels. Practical examples illustrate the calculation of noise power and the relationship between noise and frequency.