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This lecture introduces the concept of self-assembly in soft materials, focusing on liquid crystals. It covers the structure of mesogens, order parameters, and the spontaneous alignment of mesogens. The lecture explores the formation of thermotropic liquid crystals, their phases, and the influence of mesogen structure on transition temperatures. It also discusses the properties of nematic and smectic liquid crystals, as well as the impact of terminal groups and branching on transition temperatures.