This lecture by the instructor focuses on deciphering the sub-mitochondrial compartment specific proteotoxic stress response using S. cerevisiae as a model organism. The lecture covers topics such as autophagy, protein degradation, proteostasis pathways, generation of sub-cellular compartment specific proteotoxic stress models in yeast, and the role of mitochondrial chaperones. It also discusses the impact of proteotoxic stress on mitochondrial fragmentation, RNA sequencing of yeast strains, and the genetic interactions with mitochondrial chaperones. The lecture concludes with insights into the role of Vms1 and the cellular adaptive response during mitochondrial proteotoxic stress.