Conservation of Energy: Mechanical Energy and State Diagrams

This lecture covers the concepts of potential energy, energy conservation, and energy state diagrams. It explains the relationship between kinetic and potential energy, the work done by conservative and non-conservative forces, and the application of Newton's 2nd Law in energy conservation. Through examples of objects sliding on frictionless surfaces under gravity, the lecture illustrates the calculation of mechanical energy and the determination of velocities. Students are guided on how to identify initial and final states, choose reference points, and calculate work done in different scenarios.