This lecture covers fundamental measurement principles through various examples. It begins with a calibration test using a digital voltmeter to measure a known battery voltage, where the instructor explains how to estimate systematic and random errors from the readings. The second example involves a pressure sensing device, where the instructor calculates the sensitivity based on given input and output values. The lecture then discusses the specifications of a voltmeter, determining the appropriate range for measuring a 4.8 V battery while considering resolution and uncertainty. Finally, the instructor introduces planar laser induced fluorescence (PLIF) as an optical measurement technique, explaining how light intensity is converted to concentration values. The lecture concludes with a discussion on the input and output ranges, resolution, and dynamic range of different bit depth cameras used in PLIF, emphasizing the importance of selecting the right equipment for accurate measurements.