Climate Models: Basics and Uncertainties

This lecture covers the basics of climate models, starting with the Navier-Stokes equation to describe fluid movements in the atmosphere and oceans. It explains the numerical aspects of solving differential equations, the coupling of global climate model components, and the parametrization of processes. The lecture also delves into the different modules of climate models, such as the atmosphere, ocean, land surface, cryosphere, and regional models. It discusses the uncertainties in climate model projections, including sources like internal variability, model spread, and scenario uncertainties. The complexity of climate models increases to represent various components of the climate system, leading to more advanced Earth system models today.