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This lecture covers the principles of seismic design, including conventional design and capacity design of structures. It explains failure modes during earthquakes, designing new buildings with reinforced concrete walls, estimating peak forces and displacements, and evaluating existing structures. The instructor discusses the seismic design objectives of SIA-codes, hierarchy of strengths in structures, and the choice of plastic mechanisms in frame and RC wall buildings. Capacity design is emphasized, focusing on choosing favorable mechanisms, good detailing of plastic zones, and ensuring large displacement ductilities. The lecture also addresses the behavior of capacity-designed frames under different ground motions.